Behavioral Health Risks of Pennsylvania

Health, United States, 2008 with Special Feature on Young Adults

Health, United States, 2009 with Special Feature on Medical Technology

PDFs are attached below.

ABSTRACT:

There is evidence for increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes among cigarette smokers.
In addition, smoking-associated health risks can exacerbate major conditions that precede
or accompany diabetes, such as cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Smoking cessation can
result in weight gain and a short-term worsening of some diabetic symptoms that may deter
smokers with diabetes from attempting to quit. Additionally, there is limited evidence
regarding the efficacy/safety of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies in this population
and the general effects of smoking cessation, particularly for type 1 diabetes. Smoking
cessation in diabetes therefore remains a highly relevant subject for further research.

Journal: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 85 (2009) 4–1 3.

ABSTRACT:

PURPOSE: We studied a cohort of individuals to assess whether intensity of environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS) exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
 

METHODS: Study subjects were selected from an ongoing population-based cohort of Korea Genome
and Epidemiology Study. Participants of the baseline study 10,038 persons within the age range of 40 to
69 years old. Among 4,442 never smokers without prevalent diabetes, 465 type 2 diabetes cases were identified
through biennial active follow-ups for a 6-year period. Cox proportional hazard models were used to
estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for covariates.
 

RESULTS: The risk of type 2 diabetes was higher in subjects exposed to ETS compared with the nonexposure
group (HRZ1.41, 95% CI: 1.1–1.70). Daily exposure to ETS at home increased the risk of type 2
diabetes when compared with the risk level of nonexposure (HRZ1.46, 95% CI: 1.16–1.83). Over 4 hours
exposure to ETS at home and in the workplace was associated with increased the risk of type 2 diabetes
(HR Z 1.96, 95% CI: 1.21–3.19).
 

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that ETS exposure is a significant risk factor for the development of
type 2 diabetes with dose-response relationship.

PDF file attached below.

More than half the smokers (54.1% or approximately 415,000 adults) in the survey area—which encompasses Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, Montgomery, Philadelphia and Schuylkill counties—have attempted to quit smoking in the past year. And 60.6% smokers with the chronic diseases of diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure or heart disease tried to quit smoking in the past year, versus 48.6% of smokers without those diseases.

Cigarette smoking predicts incident type 2 diabetes, but smoking cessation leads to higher short-term risk. For smokers at risk for diabetes, smoking cessation should be coupled with strategies for diabetes prevention and early detection.

Evidence suggests that stressful experiences might affect diabetes, in terms of both its onset and its exacerbation. In this article, the authors review some of this evidence and consider ways in which stress might affect diabetes, both through physiological mechanisms and via behavior. They also discuss the implications of this for clinical practice and care.

ATLANTA—New strategies to prevent and treat diabetes and heart disease failed to improve care in two major studies, frustrating researchers' efforts to find more-effective approaches to the world's burgeoning diabetes epidemic.

Read full article here.

Three aggressive treatment strategies doctors had expected would prevent heart attacks among people with Type 2 diabetes and some who are the verge of developing it have proved to be ineffective or even harmful, new studies show.

Read full article here.

A study published in the December issue of Diabetes Care suggests that the number of Americans with diabetes is expected to nearly double by 2034, posing a "significant strain" to the U.S. health care system, Reuters reports. To project future diabetes rates, researchers from the University of Chicago analyzed data for patients between age 24 and age 85 who participated in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey.

Click here to read full article.